The Arctic is warming 2x faster than the rest of the planet, causing the loss of 75% of the polar continent’s ice volume and 50% of ice surface area over the past three decades. Fortunately, one organization has a plan to preserve the Arctic, slow sea level rise and help cool the planet off.

The warming of Earth’s oceans has far reaching impacts that will affect human civilization. Even if we were to halt carbon emissions, the oceans would continue to warm, rise and melt the ice, as they have already absorbed so much heat from the atmosphere. While there are many long term, systemic changes needed to best support the ocean and its creatures, in the near term we can protect against some of the worst impacts in certain regions by brightening marine clouds artificially.

Theoretically, Direct Air Capture has no practical upper limit on the CO2 that can be captured. It is only limited by Earth’s geological storage capacity for CO2, which is vast enough to store many centuries of human emissions, and our ability to pay for these costly, slow and energy intensive plants. Here’s how we might deploy it effectively.

The impacts of extreme heat will be exacerbated in cities, due to the urban heat island effect and concentrations of vulnerable populations. Painting a critical mass of roofs and pavement in lighter, more reflective colors can cool cities, offsetting 33% of the urban heat island effect and protecting residents during heat waves.

Olivine is an abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust, which naturally captures CO2. By enhancing the weathering process of olivine, we can greatly speed up its sequestration of CO2. Proponents claim that applying olivine to 2% of the world’s beaches could offset all of humanity’s annual CO2 emissions. So what’s the catch?

What if we could combine the efficiency of natural CO2 sequestration with the permanence and security of geological methods? Bioenergy, Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) merges biological carbon sequestration techniques with geological storage methods, while also generating clean electricity or fuel.

Coastal and near shore ocean ecosystems are some of the richest habitats on the planet, with a multitude of plant and animal species thriving at the intersection of shallow waters for aquatic plants to grow, the accumulation of nutrient effluent from rivers and influxes from the abundant life of the ocean.

Earth’s soils are its largest terrestrial carbon sink, with 4.5x the sequestration capacity of all the plants growing on land and more than 3x that of the atmosphere. Specifically, it is organic matter and microbial life in the soil that is responsible for storing carbon.

as more people become aware of our climate crisis, mass tree planting has gained notice as a potential solution too slow or even reverse global warming. A widely covered 2019 study by Thomas Crowther estimated that Earth could support 1.2 trillion new trees, which would offset 25% of legacy CO2 in the atmosphere.

Truly solving for global warming requires removing long-lived atmospheric CO2, which is the carbon legacy of humanity's drive to industrialization and modernization. This legacy CO2 is responsible for 95% of warming, and will require all of our available tools and technological leverage to remove on a massive scale.

In recent years, massive and fast-moving fires have devastated communities and forests throughout California and the American West, leaving tragedy, displacement and ruin in their wake. Solving for Mega fire is a comprehensive proposal for taking on the threat of mega fire, even as the climate grows warmer and drier.

In truth, we cannot stop fire where it is meant to burn. The question is whether the fires will be low intensity, moderate burns that renew forests or explosive, high intensity firestorms that destroy communities and whole forest systems.